ขอโทษนะครับ คือช่วยมาร่วมกันแปลหน่อย ต้องการด่วน

[KA Emperor]

คือว่าตอนนี้ผมต้องการให้มาช่วยกันแปลหน่อย กระผมเองแปลแล้วแต่ก็ติดใจมากเพราะมันเป็นศัพท์ยากในบางประโยค พอผมแปลไปก็รู้สึกว่าเรื่องมันจะไม่ต่อกัน กระผมต้องการให้ช่วยกันแปลหน่อยนะครับ ด่วนด้วยนะครับ

[KA Emperor]

25 Years of landsat 5

[Narrator] The landsat series of satellite were designed to observe to changing landscapes of our planet. For those watching the launch of landsat 5 on a clear, mild March 1st in 1984, few could have imagined that the earth-observing satellite with a three year design life would still be in operation a quarter of a century later.

[Berrien Moore III] If someone had said, “Let’s have a design life of 25 years.”
They would have said, “ It’s impossible. It is impossible.” All of the engineers would have said that.

[Darrel Williams] It’s got to be the most incredible Earth-observing mission ever, both on the quality of the data, the global survey aspects of the data, and then the incredible longevity.

[Narrator] In 2009, on its 25th birthday Landsat 5 has traveled over 130,000 times around the Earth, something like three and a half million miles, while gathering more than 700,000 images. Even today, Landsat 5 continues its mission sending back a steady stream of data, an unparalleled history of our changing planet.

[Berrien Moore III] I’m just forever enchanted with the images, whether they’re of deltas, or the coastlines, or the canyons, it’s just beautiful. We ought to tip our hat every day to the designers of Landsat 5, and the people who made it.

[Jim Irons] Well it’s remarkable, and there is certainly a component of luck involved in that. But what I think the longevity really reflects is the commitment and the dedication and the skill of the team of people and the team of institutions that developed the system.

[Steven Covington] When you think about it, this is a technology that was designed in the 70s that really has a throughput, a capacity, the equals that of LDCM which is going to be the next mission.

[Dennis Helder] Well the flight ops team has done a fantastic job making sure that every redundancy and every alternative route or mode of operation has been captured and utilized to its fullest extent.

[Narrator] In total, the engineers who have kept Landsat 5 operational have overcome 22 separate mission anomalies. They’ve sustained Landsat 5 through the failed launch of Landsat 6 and political reorganizations and delayed launch of Landsat 7, making Landsat 5’s longevity crucial for the scientists who use its data.

[Sam Goward] It’s the keystone of the mission because it lasted so long, it actually got us through many bumps in the road, in now 35 plus years of observations. Without Landsat 5, I’m not sure we would have had a Landsat 7.

[Brad Doorn] I’m a true believer though that a good mission sells itself and one reason Landsat 5 lived on was the need to have it. And the engineer’s motivation to keep it going. And I believe strongly that a big part of it was the mission that Landsat holds and that transcends a lot of things.

[Narrator] For all its achievements, scientific and technical, NASA and USGS wish a happy 25th birthday to Landsat 5 spacecraft.

[KA Emperor]

Landsat A space Age Water Gauge

[Narrator] Water. In the arid Western United States, it seems there’s almost never enough of it. But the biggest use of water in the West isn’t for drinking. It’s for growing food. Agriculture consumes about 90% of the water diverted by humans in western states. As the demand for water increases, the pressures on to make sure every drop counts. It’s tricky business gauging how much water farm fields are consuming, let alone how much water is seemingly evaporating into thin air. That’s where water specialists Tony Morse, Rick Allen, and Bill Kramber come in. They’re taking a long view of the problem – a very long view. They’re studying farms from space.

[Tony Morse]  “The best general view. That is what remote sensing from space gives us. We get to see the relationships – the special relationships – between elements that are too far apart for us to see them and understand them when we’re walking around on the ground.”

[Narrator] Landsat satellites take images in the visible spectrum. But they also capture images in wavelengths invisible to the eye. Landsat’s thermal imager captures infrared data, which clues scientists in to how much water agricultural growers are using.

[Bill Kramber] “We can map where water is being applied and used, but we can also see how much water is used – which is very important for applications here at Water Resources.”

[Narrator] How can something like a thermal measurement tell us about water use? It’s due to a familiar phenomenon – evaporation, or in this case, evapotranspiration. The term simply refers to evaporation of water from the soil, plus transpiration – the release of water through plants’ leaves. As farmers irrigate crops, evapotranspiration causes the field to cool. The temperature difference is invisible to the eye, but it captured by Landsat’s infrared measurements.
[Rick Allen] “So by looking at cool areas and warm areas, in some ways, that can tell us whether there’s enough water to supply the needs of a plant, whether the plants are dry because of lack of water.”

[Narrator] Several satellites have thermal imagers that can help measure evapotranspiration. But Landsat offers advantages. Landsat instruments capture a wide enough area to get the big picture, and the spatial resolution is high enough to not only make out individual irrigation projects, but to discern individual fields.
[Rick Allen] “That is so powerful because we know that every field has its own behavior its own characteristics, its own rate of development. We’re now able to pinpoint water consumption on a field by field basis which has never been possible before.”

[Narrator] The information helps farmers and water managers target fields where water consumption might exceed water rights. Tony, Rick and Bill’s measurements have even been used to settle water rights conflicts in court. For their innovative use of the Landsat data, the team was awarded a 2009 Harvard University Innovations in American Government award. And they’re depending on Landsat to deliver information as water becomes even more scarce.

[Tony Morse] “Our water supply is going to come under increasing pressure form a changing climate, and a growing population. We have to be able to measure water use in order to be able to be able to manage it.

[Rick Allen] We are convinced that over the next twenty to thirty years, we will have millions of people in developing countries impacted with a more sustainable food supply brought by better management of water. And that water management is going to be propelled by the use of satellite technology.”

[Narrator] As our planet changes, Landsat’s over 25 years thermal record plays a crucial role in helping us understand how we’re used water up until now…and how to make it last well into the future.

[KA Emperor]

คือว่าตอนนี้ผมแปลแล้วนะครับ แต่ว่าไม่แน่ใจกับความหมาย อ่าน ๆ แล้วมันแปลก ๆ อะครับ เลยอยากให้ช่วยแปลหน่อยอะครับ จะเอามาเปรียบเทียบ พอดีเป็นงานอะครับ ขอร้องด้วยนะครับ